The Elephant
The climate change and environmental emergency: a comprehensive resource for journalists, politicians, policy makers, activists and citizens
The ElephantThe climate change and environmental emergency: a comprehensive resource for journalists, politicians, policy makers, activists and citizens
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Climate‐Driven Increases in Stream Metal Concentrations in Mineralized Watersheds Throughout the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA
2024-08-03 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalSulfate, zinc, and copper concentrations are increasing regionally in streams affected by acid rock drainage throughout Colorado Declining streamflows are contributing to increasing concentration...
Tagged under: Pollution | Water Resources | Colorado River | Colorado State
Earth's Sea Ice Radiative Effect From 1980 to 2023
2024-07-19 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalWe quantify the top-of-atmosphere radiative effect of global sea ice with historical surface albedo, sea ice, and cloud data sets The Arctic sea ice radiative effect has weakened at 0.04–0.05 W m...
Tagged under: Earth Energy Imbalance | Ice Melting | Albedo
The Effect of Physically Based Ice Radiative Processes on Greenland Ice Sheet Albedo and Surface Mass Balance in E3SM
2024-07-16 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalThe Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2 bare ice albedo scheme overestimates the exposed bare ice albedo on the Greenland Ice Sheet by an average of 5% Satellite observations can infer t...
Tagged under: Earth Energy Imbalance | Greenland | Science | Albedo
Is El Niño‐Southern Oscillation a Tipping Element in the Climate System?
2024-07-16 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalEl Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may be a tipping element in the climate system as its characteristics can be very different under colder or warmer mean climates In a warmer climate, ENSO can ...
Tagged under: El Niño | Tipping Points
Future Heat Stress During Muslim Pilgrimage (Hajj) Projected to Exceed “Extreme Danger” Levels
2024-06-20 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalTagged under: Extreme Heat | Religion
Greenhouse Gas Forcing and Climate Feedback Signatures Identified in Hyperspectral Infrared Satellite Observations
2024-05-13 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalAbstract Global greenhouse gas forcing and feedbacks are the primary causes of climate change but have limited direct observations. Here we show that continuous, stable, global, hyperspectral infra...
The Net GHG Balance and Budget of the Permafrost Region (2000–2020) From Ecosystem Flux Upscaling
2024-04-17 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalThe region emitted 12 (−606, 661) Tg CO2–C yr−1, 38 (22, 53) Tg CH4–C yr−1, and 0.67 (0.07, 1.3) Tg N2O–N yr−1 to the atmosphere between 2000 and 2020 Based on the above, terrestrial ecosystems r...
Vulnerability of Denman Glacier to Ocean Heat Flux Revealed by Profiling Float Observations
2023-12-31 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalTagged under: Oceans | Glaciers
Atmospheric Methane: Comparison Between Methane's Record in 2006–2022 and During Glacial Terminations
2023-12-28 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalThe rapid growth in the atmospheric methane burden that began in late 2006 is very different from methane's past observational record Recent studies point to strongly increased emissions from wet...
Tagged under: Methane
How Americans Respond to Information About Global Warming's Health Impacts: Evidence From a National Survey Experiment
2023-10-14 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalAbstract Americans tend to see global warming as a distant threat, but a small body of previous research suggests that information about the health implications of global warming may enhance public...
Tagged under: Health
Inhibitive Effects of Recent Exceeding Air Temperature Optima of Vegetation Productivity and Increasing Water Limitation on Photosynthesis Reversed Global Greening
2023-10-10 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalGlobal terrestrial vegetation dynamics have been rapidly altered by climate change. A widespread vegetation greenness over a large part of the planet from the 1980s to early this century has been reported, whereas weakening of CO2 fertilization effects and increasing climate extremes and the adverse impact of increasing rate of warming and severity of drought on vegetation growth were also reported.
Tagged under: CO2 | Agriculture | Drought
Atmospheric Methane: Comparison Between Methane's Record in 2006–2022 and During Glacial Terminations
2023-10-10 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalThe rapid growth in the atmospheric methane burden that began in late 2006 is very different from methane's past observational record Recent studies point to strongly increased emissions from wet...
Tagged under: Methane
Getting It Right Matters: Temperature Goal Interpretations in Geoscience Research
2023-10-07 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalImproved Constraints on Global Methane Emissions and Sinks Using δ13C‐CH4
2023-09-23 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalAbstract We study the drivers behind the global atmospheric methane (CH4) increase observed after 2006. Candidate emission and sink scenarios are constructed based on proposed hypotheses in the lit...
Tagged under: Methane
Mechanisms and Impacts of Earth System Tipping Elements
2023-08-28 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalMany tipping elements have uncertain thresholds, which could be crossed this century if human emissions and impacts remain unabated Many tipping elements significant to global climate may exhibit...
Tagged under: Tipping Points
The Global Drivers of Chronic Coastal Flood Hazards Under Sea‐Level Rise
2023-08-27 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalTagged under: Sea Level
Decadal Trends in the Oceanic Storage of Anthropogenic Carbon From 1994 to 2014
2023-08-27 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalAbstract The oceanic uptake and resulting storage of the anthropogenic CO2 (Cant) that humans have emitted into the atmosphere moderates climate change. Yet our knowledge about how this uptake and ...
Tagged under: Oceans | Climate Change
Radiative Forcing From the 2014–2022 Volcanic and Wildfire Injections
2023-08-23 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalAbstract Volcanic and wildfire events between 2014 and 2022 injected ∼3.2 Tg of sulfur dioxide and 0.8 Tg of smoke aerosols into the stratosphere. With injections at higher altitudes and lower lati...
The Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Hydration of the Stratosphere
2023-08-09 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalFollowing the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption, the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder measured enhancements of stratospheric H2O, SO2, and HCl The mass of SO2 and HCl injected is comparable to that f...
Global and Regional Trends and Drivers of Fire Under Climate Change
2023-08-01 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalAbstract Recent wildfire outbreaks around the world have prompted concern that climate change is increasing fire incidence, threatening human livelihood and biodiversity, and perpetuating climate c...
Tagged under: Climate Change
Thermohaline circulation hysteresis: A model intercomparison
2023-07-28 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalWe present results from an intercomparison of 11 different climate models of intermediate complexity, in which the North Atlantic Ocean was subjected to slowly varying changes in freshwater input. Al...
Tagged under: Oceans | Climate Change
Coherent surface‐subsurface fingerprint of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
2023-07-28 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalSatellite altimeter data shows a weakening of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre during the 1990s, which is thought as an indicator of a slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (A...
Global and Regional Trends and Drivers of Fire Under Climate Change
2023-07-25 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalAbstract Recent wildfire outbreaks around the world have prompted concern that climate change is increasing fire incidence, threatening human livelihood and biodiversity, and perpetuating climate c...
Tagged under: Climate Change
Deep Argo Quantifies Bottom Water Warming Rates in the Southwest Pacific Basin
2023-06-13 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalTagged under: Pacific Ocean
Earth's Albedo 1998–2017 as Measured From Earthshine
2023-06-13 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalAbstract The reflectance of the Earth is a fundamental climate parameter that we measured from Big Bear Solar Observatory between 1998 and 2017 by observing the earthshine using modern photometric ...
Tagged under: Albedo
Observed Emergence of the Climate Change Signal: From the Familiar to the Unknown
2023-05-14 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalAbstract Changes in climate are usually considered in terms of trends or differences over time. However, for many impacts requiring adaptation, it is the amplitude of the change relative to the loc...
Tagged under: Climate Change | Climate Change Impacts
Sea Level Changes Affect Seismicity Rates in a Hydrothermal System Near Istanbul
2023-04-26 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalAbstract Small stress changes such as those from sea level fluctuations can be large enough to trigger earthquakes. If small and large earthquakes initiate similarly, high-resolution catalogs with ...
Tagged under: Sea Level
Multistability and Transient Response of the Greenland Ice Sheet to Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions
2023-03-29 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalBifurcation points exist at global mean temperature anomalies of 0.6 and 1.6 K relative to pre-industrial Mass loss rate and sensitivity to cumulative CO2 emission peak near the equilibrium ice v...
Robust Future Changes in Meteorological Drought in CMIP6 Projections Despite Uncertainty in Precipitation
2022-12-04 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalQuantifying meteorological droughts using changes in both the mean and variability of precipitation leads to more robust projections CMIP6 projections show robust changes in the frequency and durat...
Tagged under: Drought
Recent Slowdown in the Decline of Arctic Sea Ice Volume Under Increasingly Warm Atmospheric and Oceanic Conditions
2022-09-08 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalThe decline of Arctic sea ice volume has slowed down in recent years under increasingly warm atmospheric and oceanic conditions The slowdown is due to weak ice export and strong ice growth which ...
Radiative forcing of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide: A significant revision of the methane radiative forcing
2022-07-31 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalAbstract New calculations of the radiative forcing (RF) are presented for the three main well-mixed greenhouse gases, methane, nitrous oxide, and carbon dioxide. Methane's RF is particularly impact...
Tagged under: Greenhouse Gases | Methane
Climate Impacts From a Removal of Anthropogenic Aerosol Emissions
2022-03-23 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalAbstract Limiting global warming to 1.5 or 2.0°C requires strong mitigation of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Concurrently, emissions of anthropogenic aerosols will decline, due to c...
Tagged under: Climate Change Mitigation
Event‐Based Storylines to Address Climate Risk
2021-12-21 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalAbstract The climate science community is challenged to adopt an actionable risk perspective, which is difficult to align with the traditional focus on model-based probabilistic climate change proj...
Tagged under: Climate Change
An Assessment of Earth's Climate Sensitivity Using Multiple Lines of Evidence
2021-07-21 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalWe assess evidence relevant to Earth's climate sensitivity S: feedback process understanding and the historical and paleoclimate records All three lines of evidence are difficult to reconcile with ...
Sudden Stratospheric Warmings
2020-11-23 in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalSudden stratospheric warmings are dramatic events of the polar stratosphere that affect the atmosphere from the surface to the thermosphere Our understanding of sudden stratospheric warmings has ac...
Tagged under: Global Warming
Evaluating the Performance of Past Climate Model Projections
2020-05-19 (or before) in Advancing Earth and Space Sciences JournalEvaluation of uninitialized multidecadal climate model future projection performance provides a concrete test of model skill The quasi-linear relationship between model/observed forcings and temper...
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